Regional Development in Rural Areas by André Torre & Frédéric Wallet

Author:André Torre & Frédéric Wallet
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

A second group of studies refer to the capability and empowerment dimensions, and bring to the foreground the improvement of the capacities and competences of rural residents. It is interesting to note that this is related to the conception of social psychology, in the sense that it is the development of individuals that is brought to the fore, even though the individuals cannot be separated from the group or groups to which they belong. Originating in research centred on notions of gender, racial minorities and healthcare (Lincoln et al. 2002), empowerment approaches are often used in Southern countries in relation to marginalized populations, such as peasants or small farmers, or women. Indeed, these approaches involve helping these marginalized populations improve their own competences and capabilities and social integration, particularly through experience-based learning.

The capability-based approach, originating from Sen’s works, has more individualistic foundations and is built on the idea that actors must be free to choose from a range of action possibilities offered by their environment. It is from the interaction between individuals’ desires and the constraints of their environment that the possibility of controlling and acting upon one’s physical, economic and political environment emerges, for the benefit of the development of individuals and social groups (Nusbaum 2000). Of liberal inspiration, these theories are based on an idea of social justice in which individuals are granted rights and tools of intervention enabling them to attain their freedom, and therefore to choose their own development path, taking into account, however, the reality of the environment.(c)Civil society approach

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